F.Sc Biology Chapter 12 Notes
Human Skeletal and Muscular System
WHAT THE STUDENTS LEARNED
The pupils will be able to do the following after reading this chapter:
- Explain how bone is put together and then compare it to how cartilage is put together.
- Describe what osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes do.
- Give an example of each of the three types of joints: articular joints, articular cartilage joints, and articular synovial joints.
- Explain the skeletal diseases (disc slip, spondylosis, sciatica, arthritis, and osteoporosis) and what causes them.
- Explain the types of joint problems (dislocation and sprain) and how to treat them first.
- Smooth muscles, heart muscles, and skeletal muscles are all different.
- Describe the ultrastructure of the skeletal muscle.
- Explain the sliding filaments model of muscle movement.
- Explain how muscles that work against each other affect the movement of the knee joint.
- Explain muscle weakness, cramps and tetany.
- Differentiate between tetanus and muscle tetany.
Support and movement are essential aspects of human biology, enabling us to perform a wide range of activities from basic locomotion to complex taks. This chapter looks into the structure of bones and cartilage, which provide the necessary
support system for the body. We will explore the different tyspes of joints, and examine the unique features of the three types of muscles—skeletal, smooth, and cardiac—that drive motions. The sliding filament model will be explained to understand muscle contraction at a molecular level. Additionally, we will look at common disorders affecting the skeletal and muscular systems, showing their impact on human health and mobility.
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